E = mc² is one of the most famous equations in physics, formulated by Albert Einstein as part of his special theory of relativity. Here’s what it means:
E stands for energy.
m represents mass (the amount of matter in an object).
c² is the square of the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
The equation shows that energy (E) and mass (m) are interchangeable; they are different forms of the same thing. A small amount of mass can be converted into a huge amount of energy because the speed of light squared (c²) is an extremely large number. This principle underpins much of modern physics and explains phenomena like nuclear reactions, where tiny amounts of matter are converted into energy.
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