Biodiversity in Action: Insights from My Studies SPM

BIODIVERSITY

When studying biodiversity, I wanted more than just definitions of genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. So, I set up quadrats in our school garden to count plant species and calculated Simpson’s diversity index:

$$D=1-\sum \frac{n_i(n_i-1)}{N(N-1)}$$

where $n_i$ is the number of individuals of species $i$, and $N$ is the total number of organisms. The mown lawn had a low $D$, while the wildflower patch had a high $D$—showing that diverse habitats are more resilient.

I also noted ecosystem services: bees pollinate, understory plants stabilize soil, and trees store carbon. This links biodiversity directly to human well‑being and sustainability.

Sample SPM Question

Define biodiversity and explain two reasons why high biodiversity is important for ecosystems.

Answer outline:

• Definition: Biodiversity is the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems in a region.

• Importance: • Increases ecosystem stability. • Provides diverse resources (e.g., food, medicine).